Dr. Prathibha is an Assistant Professor and Head of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences at the College of Dentistry, Ajman University. With 20 years of teaching experience, including 15 years in the UAE, she has a strong background in student supervision and academic leadership. She holds a Graduate Diploma in Health Profession Education and is skilled in program development and review. Dr. Prathibha has been mainly involved in funded cancer research, focusing primarily on molecular studies related to shisha smoking. She has contributed to several administrative and institutional committees and has published extensively in highly reputed, Scopus-indexed journals.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) continues to spread globally and presents serious health hazards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treatment with WPS condensate (WPSC) on lung cell proliferation and plasticity as well as tumor cell recognition and killing by natural killer (NK) cells using cytotoxicity assays. The results indicated that exposure of normal and cancer lung cell lines to WPSC resulted in a decrease in their in vitro growth in a dose-dependent manner and it induced tumor senescence. In addition, WPSC selectively caused DNA damage as revealed by an increase in γH2AX and 53BP1 in tumor lung cells. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms altered by WPSC, we conducted a global comprehensive transcriptome analysis of WPSC-treated tumor cells. Data analysis identified an expression profile of genes that best distinguished treated and non-treated cells involving several pathways. Of these pathways, we focused on those involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Results showed that WPSC induced an increase in SNAI2 expression associated with EMT, ACTA2 and SERPINE2 were involved in invasion and CD44 was associated with stemness. Furthermore, WPSC exposure increased the expression of inflammatory response genes including CASP1, IL1B, IL6 and CCL2. While immune synapse formation between NK and WPSC-treated lung cancer target cells was not affected, the capacity of NK cells to kill these target cells was reduced. The data reported in the present study are, to the best of our knowledge, the first in vitro demonstration of WPSC effects on lung cellular parameters providing evidence of its potential involvement in tumor physiology and development.
Recent antitumor immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have led to outstanding results in several cancers. However, despite the favorable outcomes for responding patients, the response rate remains relatively low. This is in part due to the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in protecting the tumor from the antitumor immune response and facilitating immune escape. Tumor hypoxia is one of the most important features of the TME, exerting an adverse effect on tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. Hypoxic stress interferes with immune plasticity and promotes tumor heterogeneity and progression. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia is primarily mediated by a family of transcriptional regulators, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Apart from hypoxia, the HIF pathway is modulated in a hypoxia-independent manner. HIF-1α stabilization and activity are regulated by epigenetic changes and mutations. Strong evidence indicates that tumor hypoxia controls malignant and metastatic phenotype of cancer cells and therefore presents a unique therapeutic challenge in the treatment of solid malignancies. An alluring alternative strategy to reinvigorate anticancer immune responses comes from the emerging field of TME and its associated pathways. Targeting hypoxia or its associated pathways may therefore offer new options in the design of innovative cancer immunotherapy approaches. In this article, we briefly review the potential of hypoxic stress on tumor plasticity and stromal reactivity as well as the possible targeting of hypoxia-induced pathways to increase immunotherapy efficiency.
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating condition of the oral mucosa that has been classified as a potentially malignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 2%-8%. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed to formulate a treatment modality for OSMF, yet no ideal in vitro primary oral fibroblast model has been developed. Aim: To establish an in vitro primary oral fibroblast model. Setting and design: In vitro laboratory setting. Materials and methodology: Primary cell culture protocol was performed after obtaining normal oral tissue. Karyotyping was performed to rule out chromosomal abnormalities. Immunofluorescence staining was carried with a panel of fibroblast-specific markers (vimentin, phalloidin, transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 [TGFβR1] and s100a4) and Masson trichrome staining (MTS) to demonstrate the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) qualitatively. Results: A monolayer of oral fibroblasts was observed on the 9th-day postseeding. No chromosomal abnormality was observed in the patient samples. Positive staining was observed with vimentin, phalloidin, TGFβR1 and s100a4, thereby confirming the cell type. MTS revealed fibroblasts with spindle morphology and scanty ECM. Conclusion: The present study lays down a protocol to design and characterize primary buccal fibroblast cell culture model that would aid researchers in performing in vitro preliminary experiments in areas concerning fibrosis.
Background: Micronuclei are tiny extra-nuclear bodies that resembles the daughter nucleus but just smaller in size. They are induced by defects in the DNA repair mechanism, accumulated DNA damages and chromosomal aberrations. Micronucleus as a biomarker to assess the effects of genotoxicity has been emphasized by several geneticists. Method: After a brief explanation of the study, and obtaining a written consent signed from the study participants, a questionnaire was administered to collect data. A buccal swab was taken from the subjects. The exfoliated cells were transferred onto 2 glass slides which were immediately fixed using a spray fixative. They were stained by DND specific stains to analyze micronuclei. Results: Acridine orange appeared to be a much easier and faster way of identifying micronuclei and there was absolutely no confusion with any other nuclear abnormality when compared to Feulgen stain
Shisha/ Waterpipe smoking has become a global epidemic, especially among youth. Health effects of WTS have not been studied extensively like the cigarette smoking. There is a dire need to study and document health effects of water pipe smoking in general and specifically on the oral cavity. 100 subjects under each category were studied: Exclusively Shisha smokers, Exclusively Cigarette smokers, Cigarette and shisha smokers and non-smokers. Along with the Arab population, Indian populations residing in UAE were also studied. After a brief explanation of the study, and obtaining a written consent signed from the study participants, a questionnaire was administered to collect data. A detailed case history was taken. Oral examination included soft tissue and hard tissue examination. Simplified oral hygiene was calculated. Respiratory problems and Sleep disturbance were mainly reported among shisha subjects. Moderate to mild stains and calculus along with periodontitis was recorded. Complains of bad breath and dry mouth was reported. One case of mixed white and red patches was noted in shisha smoker. The finding of our study could be substantial evidence that WTS alone has the potential to cause deleterious oral health effects and could even lead to pre-malignant lesions.
Introduction: Recently, silver nanoparticles were indicated for root canal irrigation. The cytotoxicity evaluation of these agents helps to ascertain confident clinical use. This article aims at evaluating the cytotoxic effect of fungal-derived nanosilver particle irrigant on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Materials and Methods: The test “nanoparticle” irrigant was produced using the fungi “Fusarium semitectum.” The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium solution and adjusted to 5 × 103 cells/ml. About 100 μl of cells were seeded into a 96 well microplate and 100 μl test irrigant ranging from 5 to 640 μg/ml concentrations was added to a microplate and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 humidified conditions for 24 h. Untreated cells were used as a control group. About 5 mg/ml MTT was added to the plates and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 conditions for 4 h. The viability of cells and the percentage inhibition of cell were determined. Results: The 50% inhibition of cells was found to be around 320 μg/ml concentration. Cytotoxicity was found to be dose dependent and increased with higher concentrations of the nanosolution. Conclusion: Fungal-derived nanosilver irrigant is safe to hPDLF cells “in vitro” at a concentration of
With the increase in internet technology as well as the electronic content the web-based learning has become the desirable medium in the field of education. In medical, dental and allied health science education, the conventional method involves the use of textbooks, lectures, and images. But trends suggest that a change is poised in this field. Objective: the systematic review aims to evaluate the literature of studies about the application of the e-Learning methods in radiology education at the undergraduate level in comparison to conventional teaching-learning methods. Material and Methods: prominent scientific databases were searched for literature related to the application of e-Learning in undergraduate radiology education. The search keywords used for the search were- E-learning, dental radiology, oral radiology, undergraduate. English language full text of eligible article was systematically reviewed. Results: seven full text articles were obtained after scrutiny of the available literature. Most of the research work was carried out in the past decade and dental schools in different parts of the world. Almost all the studies showed that e-learning was as either equally effective or more effective when compared to conventional teaching in dental radiology. Conclusion: e-learning could be a suitable alternative to conventional teaching-learning method with significant improvement in student attitude and knowledge however, the influence of e-learning in improving the practical or clinical skills of dental radiography is still debatable.
Background : Study of fibrilar, cellular and sub cellular structures of mineralized tissues is only possible after the removal of the calcium apatite of these tissues by the process of demineralization. Aims: The present study aims to evaluate six commonly used demineralizing agents to identify the best decalcifying agent. Materials and Methods: The present study included six different decalcifying solutions: 10% formal nitric acid, 8% formal nitric acid, 10% formic acid, 8% formic acid, Perenyi′s fluid and Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra Acetic Acid. eight samples of posterior mandible of rat were decalcified in each of the decalcifying solutions and subjected to chemical end-point test. Ehrlich′s Hematoxylin stain was used. Statistical Analysis Used: One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical data. P value of 0.05/less was set for statistical significance. Results: Samples treated with EDTA showed the best overall histological impression and the tissue integrity were well preserved. Formal nitric of both the percentages 10 and 8% gave fairly good cellular detail and were rapid in their action. Conclusion: The final impression led to the proposition that EDTA was indeed the best decalcifying agent available. However, with time constraint, the use of formal nitric acid is advocated.
Lip prints are very useful in forensic investigation and personal identification. Like finger prints, even lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively. Indians are closer to Mongoloids than to Caucasoids or Negroids as indicated by the phylogenetic tree. Most of the studies on lip prints are done in their own population. We have compared lip prints of Manipuris with other Indians (Aryans and Dravidians) who are both close to Mongoloid race and are genetically similar. A total of 100 students 50 males and 50 females were selected of whom 30 males and 30 females were of Aryan and Dravidian features and 20 males and 20 females showed the Mongol features. Study materials used were Red colored lipstick, Lip brush, Cellophane tape, White chart paper and Magnifying lens. The lip prints were analyzed by dividing them into eight compartments. Analysis of lip prints showed that the most common and the least common pattern in both males and females (Aryans-Dravidians and Mongols) were the same, but the compartment wise distribution of the lip patterns was different. In the present study, it is established that there is no similarity of lip prints from one individual to another individual and between males and females. Regarding the comparison with Mongols, more studies with a larger sample size is necessary.
Aim: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) has become a global epidemic, especially among youth. WTS has not been studied like cigarette smoking. There is a dire need to study and document health effects of waterpipe smoking in general and specifically on the oral cavity. Materials and methods: A total sample size of 400 was studied. One hundred exclusive shisha smokers, 100 exclusive cigarette smokers, 100 subjects smoking both cigarette and shisha and 100 non-smokers. We recorded and associated socio-demographical data pertaining to WTS and cigarette smoking in UAE and examining their toxic effects on the oral mucosa at a cytogenetic level by studying the micronuclei (MN) stained by Feulgen and Acridine Orange (DNA specific stains). Results: A significant association was observed between age distribution and groups. Majority of subjects were males. Arabic nationalities were consuming a higher percentage of Waterpipe and Cigarette separately, and Indian nationality was consuming a higher percentage of waterpipe and cigarette together. Comparison of Micronuclei in Feulgen and Micronuclei in Acridine Orange group between four groups was significant. Mean micronuclei in feulgen was highest for Waterpipe and Cigarette group followed by shisha group and least for Control group. Similarly, Mean micronuclei in acridine orange was highest for waterpipe and cigarette group followed by shisha group and least for control group. Conclusion: Further epidemiological studies should be undertaken to determine whether WTS is associated with the incidence of lung cancer/oral cancerous lesions. Clinical significance: The findings of this study could be used to spread awareness that waterpipe smoking, like cigarette smoking, has the potential to cause genotoxic effects and could eventually lead to carcinogenicity based on duration and frequency.